# How London heats

> Four million certificates, and half fall short of band C.

- Category: Environment
- Cadence: monthly
- Status: Published on a monthly cadence.
- Dataset key: `epc-bands`
- Source: [MHCLG](https://get-energy-performance-data.communities.gov.uk/)
- Licence: Open Government Licence v3.0 — [terms](https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/)
- Canonical page: [https://londongraph.com/g/how-london-heats](https://londongraph.com/g/how-london-heats)
- Machine-readable record: [https://londongraph.com/data/how-london-heats](https://londongraph.com/data/how-london-heats)

## Methodology

Every domestic Energy Performance Certificate lodged for a London address, by band. Band C is the level repeatedly proposed as a minimum for rented homes. This is NOT a survey of London's housing: a certificate is lodged when a home is built, sold or let, so the register is the transacted and rented part of the stock accumulated since 2008, and a house lived in by the same owner since 2005 is absent from it entirely. It also counts certificates rather than homes — a flat sold twice and let once appears three times.

## Visualisations

- [Overview](https://londongraph.com/g/how-london-heats): Four million certificates, and half fall short of band C.
- [Distribution](https://londongraph.com/g/how-london-heats?view=distribution): Show every published value around the median and quartiles.

## Citation guidance

Attribute the original publisher named above and identify LondonGraph as the visualisation and methodology layer. Do not describe live values as a historical census, and do not present placeholder values as observations.