# Warm boroughs and cold ones

> Tower Hamlets is nearly twice as efficient as Richmond, and that is a story about age.

- Category: Environment
- Cadence: monthly
- Status: Published on a monthly cadence.
- Dataset key: `epc-by-borough`
- Source: [MHCLG](https://get-energy-performance-data.communities.gov.uk/)
- Licence: Open Government Licence v3.0 — [terms](https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/)
- Canonical page: [https://londongraph.com/g/warm-boroughs-and-cold-ones](https://londongraph.com/g/warm-boroughs-and-cold-ones)
- Machine-readable record: [https://londongraph.com/data/warm-boroughs-and-cold-ones](https://londongraph.com/data/warm-boroughs-and-cold-ones)

## Methodology

Share of a borough's domestic certificates rated band C or better. The ranking tracks the age and type of the stock rather than anything about the people in it: boroughs of recent high-density flats rate well, boroughs of Victorian and Edwardian houses rate badly, and a new flat is easier to heat than a large old house. Same caveat as the register overall — certificates are lodged on sale or let, so this describes the transacted stock rather than every home.

## Visualisations

- [Map](https://londongraph.com/g/warm-boroughs-and-cold-ones): Compare the same measure geographically.
- [Overview](https://londongraph.com/g/warm-boroughs-and-cold-ones?view=overview): Tower Hamlets is nearly twice as efficient as Richmond, and that is a story about age.
- [Distribution](https://londongraph.com/g/warm-boroughs-and-cold-ones?view=distribution): Place every mapped area in the selected measure's distribution while preserving missing values.

## Citation guidance

Attribute the original publisher named above and identify LondonGraph as the visualisation and methodology layer. Do not describe live values as a historical census, and do not present placeholder values as observations.